软件工程缩略语

[size=12pt]ThisglossaryisintendedforthosevisitorstotheRSP&Aweb-sitewhomaybeunfamiliarwithbasicsoftwareengineeringterminology.Alldefinitionsareinformal.[size=12pt][size=12pt]Abstraction-(1)theleveloftechnicaldetailofsomerepresentationofsoftware;(2)acohesivemodelofdataoranalgorithmicprocedure[size=12pt][size=12pt]Action(alsocalledSoftwareengineeringaction)-anamedcollectionofsoftwareengineeringtasks(e.g.,”interfacedesign”)thatoccurswithinasoftwareengineeringactivity[size=12pt][size=12pt]Activity(alsocalledSoftwareengineeringactivity)-seeFrameworkactivity[size=12pt][size=12pt]Adaptivemaintenance-activityassociatewithchanginganapplicationtomakeitconformtochangesinitsexternalenvironment[size=12pt][size=12pt]Aestheticdesign-aWebengineeringactionthatfocusesontheaesthetics(e.g.,theartisticelements)ofaWebApp(oftenencompassesgraphicdesign)[size=12pt][size=12pt]Agiledevelopment(alsoreferredtoasagileprocessmodel)-anadaptedversionofsoftwareengineeringthatemphasizescustomercommunication,incrementalsoftwaredelivery,informalmethodsandworkproducts,andhighlymotivatedteams.[size=12pt][size=12pt]Analysis-asetofactivitiesthatattempttounderstandandmodelcustomerneedsandconstraints[size=12pt][size=12pt]Analysismethods-anotationandheuristicsforcreatingmodelsofcustomerneedsandconstraints[size=12pt][size=12pt]Architecturaldesign-anactivitythatattemptstolayoutthemodule”floorplan”forthesoftware[size=12pt][size=12pt]Architecture-theoverallstructureofsoftwarecomponents,thedataand/orcontentthatcomponentsmanipulate,andtherelationshipsbetweenthem[size=12pt][size=12pt]Aspect-orienteddevelopment-adevelopmentapproachthatemphasizes”concerns”(alsocalled”aspectualrequirements”thatincorporatefeatures,functionsandinformationcontent)thatcutacrossmultiplesystemfunctions[size=12pt][size=12pt]Automatedestimationtools-toolsthathelpinestimatingprojectcostoreffort[size=12pt][size=12pt]Automaticcodegeneration-toolsthatgeneratesourcecodefromarepresentationofsoftwarethatisnotsourcecode[size=12pt][size=12pt]Baseline-apointatwhichsomedeliverableproducedduringthesoftwareengineeringprocessisputunderformalchangecontrol[size=12pt][size=12pt]Basispathtesting-awhiteboxtestcasedesigntechniquethatusedthealgorithmicflowoftheprogramtodesigntests[size=12pt][size=12pt]Basisset-thesetoftestsderivedusingbasispathtesting[size=12pt][size=12pt]Behavioralmodeling-representingthemodeofbehavior(calledstates)ofanapplicationandtheeventsthatcausetransitionsfromstatetostate[size=12pt][size=12pt]Betatesting-testingthatisconductedbytheuser[size=12pt][size=12pt]Blackboxtesting-testingthatdoesnotfocusontheinternaldetailsoftheprogrambutusesexternalrequirements[size=12pt][size=12pt]Boundaryvalueanalysis-ablackboxtestingmethodthatdesignstestcasesthatexercisedataboundaries[size=12pt][size=12pt]Bounding-removingambiguityfromspecification[size=12pt][size=12pt]Builds-seeClusters[size=12pt][size=12pt]Businessrisks-thesetofpotentialbusinessproblemsoroccurrencesthatmaycausetheprojecttofail[size=12pt][size=12pt]CASE-Computer-aidedsoftwareengineering,seealso,Tools[size=12pt][size=12pt]Cause-effectgraphing-ablack-boxtestingmethod[size=12pt][size=12pt]Changecontrol-anumbrellaprocessthatenablesaprojectteamtoaccept,evaluate,andactonchangesinasystematicmanner

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可靠性技术软件可靠性

关于利用定向测试来预测软件质量的准确性问题

2007-9-17 15:48:47

可靠性技术可靠性试验

关于环境测试与现实环境使用寿命的关系

2007-9-17 19:29:58

6 条回复 A文章作者 M管理员
  1. kent

    :victory::handshake

  2. 338

    了解一下,不知道看过之后能记住几个。。

  3. xiankeji928

    Outsourcing-contractingsoftwareworktoathirdparty

    Pairprogramming-twopeopleworktogether(side-by-side)todesignandconstructasoftwarecomponent,providingreal-timeproblemsolvingandqualitycontrol.

    Paperprototype-apaperrepresentationofanapplication(e.g.,storyboardsthatdescribetheinteractionatahumaninterface)

    Paradigms-theprocessmodel

    Patterns-astylizeddescriptionorcharacterizationofasoftwareproblemorcapabilityand/orthemannerinwhichasolutiontotheproblemorcapabilitymaybecharacterized,applied,andimplemented

    PDL-programdesignlanguage;acombinationofnaturallanguagewithprogramminglanguage-likeconstructs

    Perfectivemaintenance-enhancement,

    Portability-theabilitytotransportsoftwarefromonetargetenvironmenttoanother

    Preliminarydesign-createsrepresentationofthedataandarchitecture

    Proceduraldesign-createsrepresentationsofalgorithmicdetailwithinamodule

    Processframework-arelativelysmallsetoffundamentalsoftwareengineeringactivitiesthatdefineasoftwareprocess

    Processingnarrative-anaturallanguagedescriptionofamodel(programcomponent)

    Productivity-workoutputperunittime

    Programdesignlanguage,seePDL

    Projectdatabase-theplacewhereconfigurationitemsarekept

    ProjectPlan-adescriptionofthemanagementapproachforaproject

    Projectplanning-theactivitythatcreatestheProjectPlan

    Projectrisks-thesetofpotentialprojectproblemsoroccurrencesthatmaycausetheprojecttofail

    Projectscope-astatementofbasicrequirementsofthesoftwaretobebuilt

    Projectsize-anindicationoftheoverallefforttobeexpendedorthenumberofpeopleworkingontheproject

    Projecttracking-theactivitythatenablesamanagertounderstandthestatusofaproject

    Projectcontrol-thecontrolofqualityandchange

    Prototyping-thecreationofamock-upofanapplication

    Quality-thedegreetowhichaproductconformstobothexplicitandimplicitrequirements

    Qualityfunctiondeployment(QFD)-atechniquethattranslatestheneedsofacustomerintechnicalrequirementsforsoftwarebyassessingthevalueofeachrequirement

    Qualitymanagement-asetofsoftwareengineeringactionsthathelpsensurethatsoftwareisbuiltinawaythatachieveshighquality

    Qualitymetrics-measuresofquality

    Re-engineering-aseriesofactivitiesthattransformlegacysystems(withpoormaintainability)intosoftwarethatexhibitshighquality

    Refactoring-changingsoftwareinawaythatimprovesitsinternalstructurebutdoesnotchangeitexternalbehavior;oftenconductediterativelyasdesignevolvesintocode.

    Regressiontesting-teststhatareconductedrepeatedtoensurethatachangehasnotintroducedsideeffects

    Reliability-ameasureofthedegreetowhichsoftwareoperatesreliablyoversomeperiodoftime

    Repository-seeProjectDatabase

    Requirementsanalysis-amodelingactivitywhoseobjectiveistounderstandwhatthecustomerreallywants

    Requirementsengineering-theactivitiesrequiredtoelicit,elaborate,negotiate,specify,andvalidatesystemorsoftwarerequirements

    Resources-anythingthatisrequiredtogettheprojectdone,people,hardware,materials,information,etc.

    Reusability-theabilitytoreuseanalready-existingprogramcomponentinanotherapplication

    Reusablecomponents-configurationitemsthatarereusable

    Reverseengineering-tryingtodevelopdesignmodelsoranunderstandingofdesignusingprogramcodeasastartingpoint

    Reviews-seeformaltechnicalreviews

    Risk-apotentialproblemoroccurrencethatputaprojectinjeopardy

    Riskanalysis-atechniquesforidentifyingandevaluatingrisks

    RiskManagementandMonitoringPlan(RMMP)-aplanformitigating,monitoringandmanagingrisks

    Scheduling-theactivitythatlaysoutatimelineforworktobeconductedonaproject

    Scope-aboundedstatementofwhatmustbeaccomplished

    Security-theabilityofsoftwaretooperateinamannerthatissecurefrominternalorexternalattack

    Securitytesting-testingtasksthatprobethevulnerabilityofbothclient-sideandserver-sidesoftware

    Selectivetesting-testingonlyaselectedsetofprogrampathsanddatainputs

    Sideeffects-errorsthatoccurbecauseofchanges

    Sixsigma-awidelyusedstrategyforstatisticalqualityassurance

    Smoketesting-anintegrationtestingapproachthatconstructsandtestssoftwareonadailybasis

    Software-programs,documentsanddata

    Softwareengineering-adisciplinethatencompassestheprocessassociatedwithsoftwaredevelopment,themethodsusedtoanalyze,designandtestcomputersoftware,themanagementtechniquesassociatedwiththecontrolandmonitoringofsoftwareprojectsandthetoolsusedtosupportprocess,methods,andtechniques

    Softwaremaintenance-seealso,Maintenance,

    Softwaremetrics-quantitativemeasuresoftheprocessortheproduct

    Softwareproblemreport-areportofadefect

    Softwarequality-seequality

    Softwareprocessimprovement(SPI)-asetofsoftwareengineeringactivitiesthatattempttoimprovethestateofsoftwareengineeringpracticewithinanorganization

    Softwarequalityassurance(SQA)-aseriesofactivitiesthatassistanorganizationinproducinghighqualitysoftware

    SoftwareRequirementsSpecification-adeliverablethatdescribesalldata,functionalandbehavioralrequirements,allconstraints,andallvalidationrequirementsforsoftware

    Softwaresafety-anSQAactivitythatfocusesontheidentificationandassessmentofpotentialhazardthatmayhaveanegativeimpactontheoperationofsoftware

    Softwaretesting-asetofactivitiesconductedwiththeintentoffindingerrorsinsoftware

    Spiralmodel-anevolutionarysoftwareengineeringparadigm

    Stakeholders-anypersonofgroupthathasastakeinthesuccessfulcompletionofasoftwareproject

    Statetransitiondiagram(STD)-anotationforbehavioralmodeling

    Statisticalqualityassurance-techniquesforprocessimprovementthatarebasedonmeasurementsoftheproductandtheprocess

    Stepwiserefinement-atechniqueforaccomplishingfunctionaldecompositionorproceduraldesign(alsocalledpartitioning)

    Stresstesting-atestingtaskthatdetermineshowsoftwarerespondswhenitisforcedtomeetorexceedoperationallimits

    Structuredprogramming-adesignmethodthatlimiteddesignconstructstoonlythreebasicformsandconstrainsprogramflowforbetterquality

    Systemengineering-focusesontheanalysisanddesignofallelementsofacompleteproduct,service,ortechnologyforthetransformationofinformationorcontrol

    Taskanalysis-asoftwareengineeringactionthatisconductedaspartofuserinterfacedesign;intendedtobetterunderstandhowauseristointeractwithasystem

    Taskset-acollectionfosoftwareengineeringtasksthatarerequiredtocompleteanactivityoractionthatispartofasoftwareprocessframework

    Technicalrisks-thesetofpotentialtechnicalproblemsoroccurrencesthatmaycausetheprojecttofail

    Testcasedesign-asetoftechniquesforderivingeffectivetestcases

    Testcases,derivationof-thecreationofdatathatcanbeusedtouncovererrorsinthesoftware

    Testplanandprocedure-adescriptionoftestingstrategyandtactics

    Testing-asetofactivitiesthatattempttofinderrors

    Time-boxing-aprojectschedulingandcontroltechniquethatestablishestimeboundariesforthecompletionofaspecificprojecttask

    Tools-applicationsoftwareusedtoperformsoftwareengineeringtasks(e.g.,designtools,testingtools);seealsoCASEtools

    Totalqualitymanagement-acompanycommitmenttodevelopaprocessthatachieveshighqualityproductandcustomersatisfaction

    UML(UnifiedModelingLanguage)-acomprehensivediagrammaticnotationfortheanalysisanddesignofsoftware

    Unifiedprocess-a”use-casedriven,architecture-centric,iterativeandincremental”softwareprocessthatemphasizestheuseofUMLnotation

    Unittesting-partofthetestingstrategythatfocusesonteststoindividualprogramcomponents

    Usability-Aninformalmeasureoftheeasewithwhichauserinterfacecanbelearnedandappliedwithefficiencyandwithouterrors

    Use-case-awrittendescriptionthatdefinesaveryspecificinteractionbetweenauserandasystem,often(butnotalways)writtenintheformofausagescenario

    User-thepersonwhoactuallyusedtosoftwareortheproductthathassoftwareembeddedwithinit

    Userhierarchy-ahierarchicalrepresentationofthecategoriesofusersthatwillinteractwithanytypeofsoftware

    User-story-ausagescenariothatisusedaspartofExtremeprogramming

    Validation-teststoensurethatthesoftwareconformstoitsrequirements

    WebApps(WebApplications)-anyapplicationthatdeliversmeaningfulcontentorfunctionalitytoendusersviatheWeb.

    Webengineering-theapplicationofsoftwareengineeringprinciples,concepts,andmethods(oradaptationsofthem)tothedevelopmentofWeb-basedapplicationsorsystems.

    Whiteboxtesting-atestcasedesigntechniquethatmakesuseofaknowledgeoftheinternalprogramlogic

    Workbreakdownstructure(WBS)-thesetofworktasksrequiredtobuildthesoftware;definedaspartoftheprocessmodel

    Workflow-thesequenceoftasksthatarerequiredtoaccomplishsomeactivityoraction;often(butnotalways)usedinconjunctionwithsoftwareprocessmodels

    Workproduct-anycohesiveandpersistentinformationthatisproducedasaconsequenceofoneormoresoftwareengineeringactionsoftasks

  4. xiankeji928

    Design-anactivitythattranslatestherequirementsmodelintoamoredetailedmodelthatistheguidetoimplementationofthesoftware

    Designspecification-adocumentthatdescribesthedesign

    Designwalkthrough-aformaltechnicalreviewofthedesign

    Detaildesign-adesignactivitythatfocusesonthecreationofanalgorithm

    Documentation-descriptiveinformation

    Documents-deliverablesproducedaspartofthesoftwareengineeringprocess

    Domainanalysis-anobject-orientedsoftwareengineeringactivitythatattemptstoidentifyclassesthatarerelevanttoanentireapplicationdomain,ratherthanaspecificapplication

    Effort-thework-timeproduct(e.g.,person-days)associatedwithaproject

    Engineeringchangeorder(ECO)-amini-specificationthatdescribesthetechnicalaspectsofachange

    Enhancement-anextensionoffunctionalorperformancerequirements

    Equivalencepartitioning-ablack-boxtestingmethod

    Errors-alackofconformancefoundbeforesoftwareisdeliveredtothecustomer

    Estimation-aprojectplanningactivitythatattemptstoprojecteffortandcostforasoftwareproject

    Extremeprogramming-anagileprocessmodelthatemphasizesscenario-basedplanning,incrementaldelivery,refactoring,pairprogrammingandcontinuoustesting.

    Factoring-atechniquethatdistributescontrolandworkinatop-downmannerwithinasoftwarearchitecture(usedapartofstructuredanalysis)

    FAST-Facilitatedapplicationspecificationtechniques,astructuredmeetingbetweendeveloperandcustomer;intentistodefinebasicrequirements

    Formalmethods-asoftwareengineeringapproachinwhichspecificationanddesignaredescribedusingmathematically-basedformalnotation

    Formaltechnicalreviews-astructuredmeetingconductedbysoftwareengineeringwiththeintentofuncoveringerrorsinsomedeliverableorworkproduct

    Formulation-aWebengineeringactionthatidentifiesbusinessneed,describesWebAppobjectives,definesmajorfeaturesandfunctions,andestablishesmechanismsforrequirementsgathering

    Functionpoints-ameasureoftheutilitydeliveredbyanapplication

    Functionaldecomposition-atechniqueusedduringplanning,analysisanddesign;createsafunctionalhierarchyforthesoftware

    Go,no-godecision-apointatwhichmanagerorthecustomerdecideswhethertheprojectshouldproceed

    GQM(Goal,Question,Metric)paradigm-atechniquefordefiningmeaningfulmetricsforanypartofthesoftwareprocess

    Grammaticalparse-atechniquethatisusedduringanalysisandintendedtohelpisolatebasicdataobjectsandfunctions

    High-ordertests-black-boxtestsconductedoncethesoftwarehasbeenintegrated

    Independenttestgroup(ITG)-agroupofpeoplewhoseprimaryresponsibilityissoftwaretesting

    Interfacedesign-asoftwareengineeringactionthatestablishesthestructureandworkflowforauserinterface;followsthree”goldenrules:”placetheuserincontrol,reducetheuser’smemoryleoad,maketheinterfaceconsistent.

    Integrationtesting-atestingstepthatconstructsthesoftwarewhiletestingit

    Integration-thespecificapproachtointegrationtesting

    Interoperability-thedegreetowhichoneapplicationcommunicatesorinterfaceswithanother

    ISO9001:2000-aqualityassurancestandardthatappliestosoftwareengineering

    Jointapplicationdevelopment(JAD)-aspecificFASTtechnique

    Levelsofabstraction-thedegreeofdetailwithwhichsomerepresentationofthesoftwareispresented

    Line-of-codemetrics-measuresofqualityorproductivitythatarenormalizedusinglinesofcodeproduced

    Loadtesting-atestingtaskthatdetermineshowsoftware(oftenaWebApp)willrespondtovariousloadingconditions

    LOC-linesofcode

    Looptesting-awhiteboxtestingtechniquethatexercisesprogramloops

    Maintainability-thedegreetowhichaprogramisamenabletochange

    Maintenance-theactivitiesassociatedwithchangestosoftwareafterithasbeendeliveredtoend-users

    Make-buydecision-determiningwhethersoftwareshouldbebuiltinternally,acquired,contractedorbuiltfromreusablecomponents

    Measurement-collectingquantitativedataaboutthesoftwareorthesoftwareengineeringprocess

    Metrics-aspecificmeasurement

    Milestones-apointintimethatisusedtoindicateprogressduringaproject

    Modulardesign-adesignapproachthatstressesmodularity

    Modularity-anattributeofadesignthatleadstothecreationofhighqualityprogramcomponents

    Navigationanalysis-aWebengineeringactionthatestablisheshowauserwillnavigatebetweenvariouselements(e.g.,content,functions)ofaWebApp

    Object-oriented-anapproachtosoftwaredevelopmentthatmakesuseofaclassificationapproachandpackagesdataandprocessingtogether

    Object-orientedanalysis(OOA)-atechniquefordefinedclassesofobjects,theirrelationshipsandbasicstructure

    Object-orienteddesign(OOD)-atechniquefortranslatingtheOOAmodelintoanimplementationmodel

    Objects-anamedelementoftheproblemdomaincontainingdataandprocessing

    OCL(ObjectConstraintLanguage)-asupplementtoUML,thisformallanguageallowsasoftwareengineertoconstructunambiguousstatementsaboutthecharacteristicsofvariousdesignmodelelements

  5. xiankeji928

    Changecontrolauthority(CCA)-theperson(s)whohaveresponsibilityfordecidingwhetherachangeistobemade

    Changemanagement-asetofsoftwareengineeringactionsthathelpsensurethatchangesareproperlyidentified,controlled,andreported

    Changereport-providesdetailonthenatureofworkrequiredtomakeachange

    Changerequest-providesdetailonthetypeofchangethatisrequested

    Chiefprogrammerteam-onewayoforganizingprojectstaff

    Classes-abasicconstructinobject-orientedmethodsthatcategorizeselementsoftheproblem

    Classiclifecycle-alinear,sequentialapproachtoprocessmodeling

    Clusters-acollectionofprogramcomponents(modules)thatistestedasagroup

    Coding-thegenerationofsourcecode

    Cohesion-aninformalmeasureofthedegreetowhichasoftwarecomponentimplementsasingle,focusedfunction

    Complexity-aquantitativemeasureofaprogram’scomplexity

    Component(alsocalledSoftwarecomponent)-anamed,modularbuildingblockforcomputersoftware

    Componentreuse-theabilitytoreuseaportionofamodel,sourcecode,testcase,etc.

    Configuration-thecollectionofprograms,documentsanddatathatmustbecontrolledwhenchangesaretobemade

    Configurationaudit-anactivityperformedbyanSQAgroupwiththeintentofensuringthatthechangecontrolprocessisworking

    Configurationcontrol-thecontrolofchangestoprograms,documentsordata

    Configurationitems-theindividualpiecesofprograms,documentsanddatathatarecontrolledusingSCM

    Configurationstatusreporting(CSR)-anactivitythathelpsoftwaredevelopertounderstandwhatchangeshavebeenmadeandwhy

    Constraints-anrestrictionsorlimitationsplacedonrequirementsordesign

    Correctivemaintenance-findingandfixingdefectsthathavebeenreportedbyusers

    Coupling-aninformalmeasureofthedegreetowhichasoftwarecomponentisconnectedtoothercomponents,todata,andtotheexternalenvironment

    CRC(class-responsibility-collaborator)modeling-anobject-orientedmodelingmethodthatidentifiesandorganizesclassesarearerelevanttoasystem

    Customer-thepersonorgroupthathasrequestedthesoftwareandwillbepayingthebillforitsdevelopment

    Cyclomaticcomplexity-ameasureofthelogicalcomplexityofanalgorithm,usedinwhite-boxtesting

    Datadesign-anactivitythattranslatesthedatamodeldevelopedduringanalysisintoimplementabledatastructures

    Datadictionary-adatabasethatcontainsdefinitionsofalldataitemsdefinedduringanalysis;seealso,Requirementsdictionary

    Dataflowdiagram(DFD)-amodelingnotationthatrepresentsafunctionaldecompositionofasystem

    Datamodeling-ananalysismethodthatmodelsdataobjectsandtheirrelationships

    Dataobjects-aninputoroutputthatisuservisible

    Datawarehouse-alarge,independentdatabasethathasaccesstodatabasesthatservemanydifferentapplicationsthatarerequiredbyabusiness

    Debugging-theactivityassociatedwithfindingandcorrectinganerrorordefect-alackofconformancetorequirementsfoundinthesoftwareafterdeliverytothecustomer

    Defectamplification-whenadefectisintroducedearlyinthesoftwareprocessandremainsundetected,itoftenisamplifiedintomultipledefectslaterinthesoftwareprocess

    Defectremovalefficiency(DRE)-anondimensionratio(between0and1)thatprovidesanindicationofthedegreetowhicherrorsareremovedfromsoftwarebeforeitisreleasedtoend-users

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