请教：振动，冲击和碰撞三者的区别？

purplesapple

在可靠性测试中
不同的产品所作的测试是不一样的
有的产品需要做振动测试，有的需要做冲击，有的需要做碰撞。又或者选取其中的某两项或三项做测试
请问：振动，冲击和碰撞这三者之间的区别是什么呢？
如何根据产品来选择是做什么测试呢？
谢谢

kingdesign

振动讲究持续性，疲劳性
冲击是瞬间性，破坏性！
碰撞是重复性的冲击
选择做什么测试，嘿嘿，超出我个人能力了
应是从生产到出货后到客户端将会出现什么情况吧，一整个过程按理说，振动冲击碰撞现象都是存在的
都做当然最好哇。嘿嘿哈
参考行业标准吧

gary

如果客户没有特别要求做哪项实验，
那就按行业标准来做吧，
标准里通常会列出需要做哪些机械类实验的．

purplesapple

我们在做测试的时候也是模拟现实使用过程中的某些情况
那三者分别模拟的是使用过程或搬运过程中的哪些情况呢？
谢谢

tigernew

振动测试：
包装振动－模拟产品运输过程中可能会发生的振动（比如汽车、飞机、轮船等各种运输方式），通常标准里有不同运输方式的振动要求
Operation振动－模拟产品使用过程中会遇到的振动，各种产品的次项测试应该有不同要求。

MIL-STD-810F中对振动的描述：
Configurethetestitemappropriatelyforthelifecyclephasetobesimulated.
a.Transportation.Configurethetestitemforshipmentincludingprotectivecases,devices,and/orpacking.Mountthetestitemtothetestfixture(s)bymeansofrestraintsand/ortie-downsdynamicallyrepresentativeoflifecycletransportationevents.
b.Operationalservice.Configurethetestitemforserviceuse.Securethetestitemtothetestfixture(s)atthemountingpoint(s)andusethesametypeofmountinghardwareasusedduringlifecycleoperationalservice.Provideallmechanical,electrical,hydraulic,pneumaticorotherconnectionstothematerielthatwillbeusedinoperationalservice.Ensuretheseconnectionsdynamicallysimulatetheserviceconnectionsandthattheyarefullyfunctionalunlessotherwisespecified.

810F中对冲击（Shock）的描述：
a.ProcedureI-FunctionalShock.ProcedureIisintendedtotestmateriel(includingmechanical,
electrical,hydraulic,andelectronic)initsfunctionalmodeandtoassessthephysicalintegrity,continuity
andfunctionalityofthematerieltoshock.Ingeneral,thematerielisrequiredtofunctionduringthe
shockandtosurvivewithoutdamagetoshocksrepresentativeofthosethatmaybeencounteredduring
operationalservice.
b.ProcedureII-Materieltobepackaged.ProcedureIIistobeusedwhenmaterielwillrequireashipping
container.Itspecifiesaminimumcriticalshockresistanceleveltoahandlingdropheight.Theshock
definitionmaybefurnishedtoapackagedesignerasadesigncriterion.Thisprocedureisnotintended
forthetestofextremelyfragilemateriel,e.g.,missileguidancesystems,precision-alignedtestequipment,
gyros,inertialguidanceplatforms,etc.Forextremelyfragilematerielwherequantificationofshock
resistanceisrequiredProcedureIIIshouldbeconsidered.Seeparagraph2.3belowforprocessing
techniquesusefulinexpressingshockresistancecriteria.
c.ProcedureIII-Fragility.ProcedureIIIisusedtodetermineamateriel’sruggednessorfragilitysothat
packagingcanbedesignedforthemateriel,orsothematerielcanberedesignedtomeettransportation
and/orhandlingrequirements.Thisprocedureisusedtodeterminethecriticalshockconditionsatwhich
thereisreasonablechanceofstructuraland/orfunctionalsystemdegradation.Toachievethemost
realisticcriteria,performtheprocedureatenvironmentaltemperatureextremes.Seeparagraph2.3below
forprocessingtechniquesusefulinexpressingshockfragilitycriteria.
d.ProcedureIV-TransitDrop.ProcedureIVisintendedformaterieleitheroutsideoforwithinitstransit
orcombinationcase,oraspreparedforfielduse(carriedtoacombatsituationbyman,truck,rail,etc.).
Thisprocedureisusedtodetermineifthematerieliscapableofwithstandingtheshocksnormally
inducedbyloadingandunloadingwhenitis(1)outsideofitstransitorcombinationcase,e.g.,during
routinemaintenance,whenbeingremovedfromarack,beingplacedinitstransitcase,etc.,or(2)inside
itstransitorcombinationcase.Suchshocksareaccidental,butmayimpairthefunctioningofthe
materiel.Thisprocedureisnotintendedforshocksencounteredinanormallogisticenvironmentas
experiencedbymaterielinsideshippingcontainersanddefinedinthemateriel’slifecycleprofile(see
ProcedureII–MaterieltobePackaged).
e.ProcedureV-CrashHazard.ProcedureVisformaterielmountedinairorgroundvehiclesthatcould
breakloosefromitsmounts,tiedownsorcontainmentconfigurationduringacrashandpresentahazard
tovehicleoccupantsandbystanders.Thisprocedureisintendedtoverifythestructuralintegrityof
materielmounts,tiedownsorcontainmentconfigurationduringsimulatedcrashconditions.Thetest
shouldbeusedtoverifytheoverallstructuralintegrityofthemateriel,i.e.,partsofthematerielarenot
ejectedundertheshock.Thisprocedureisnotintendedformaterieltransportedascargoforwhich
method513.5,Acceleration,ormethod514.5,Vibration,couldbeapplied.
f.ProcedureVI-BenchHandling.ProcedureVIisintendedformaterielthatmaytypicallyexperience
benchhandling,benchmaintenance,orpackaging.Itisusedtodeterminetheabilityofthematerielto
withstandrepresentativelevelsofshockencounteredduringtypicalbenchhandling,benchmaintenance,
orpackaging.Suchshocksmightoccurduringmaterielrepair.Thisproceduremayincludetestingfor
materielwithprotrusionsthatmaybeeasilydamagedwithoutregardtogrossshockonthetotalmateriel.
Thenatureofsuchtestingishighlyspecializedandmustbeperformedonacase-by-casebasis,noting
theconfigurationofthematerielprotrusionsandthecasescenariosfordamageduringsuchactivitiesas
benchhandling,maintenance,andpackaging.Thisprocedureisappropriateformedium-to-largetest
materieloutofitstransitorcombinationcasethathasamaximumdimensiongreaterthanapproximately
23cm(9inches).Smallmaterielsystems,ingeneral,willbetestedtohigherlevelsduringProcedureIV,
TransitDrop.
MIL-STD-810F


METHOD516.5
516.5-5g.ProcedureVII-RailImpact.ProcedureVIIisintendedtotestmaterielthatwillbetransportedbyrail;todeterminetheeffectofnormalrailroadcarimpactsthatoccurduringrailshipment,toverifythestructuralintegrityofthemateriel,andtoevaluatetheadequacyofthetiedownsystemandthetiedownprocedures.Allitemsaretobetestedattheirmaximumgrossweight(fullyloaded)ratingunlessotherwisespecifiedinthetransportabilityrequirementsforthemateriel.Thisprocedureisnotintendedfortheseparatetestingofsmall,individuallypackagedpiecesofmaterielthatwouldnormallybeshipped(andtested)whenmountedonapallet,oraspartofalargermateriel.Forsuchtests,thereferencesprovideguidanceonenvironmentsmeasuredduringrailimpactthatmaybeusefulinspeciallytailoredlaboratorytesting.
ProcedureVIII-CatapultLaunch/ArrestedLanding.ProcedureVIIIisintendedformaterielmountedinoronfixed-wingaircraftthataresubjecttocatapultlaunchesandarrestedlandings.Forcatapultlaunch,materielmayexperienceacombinationofinitialshockfollowedbyalowleveltransientvibrationofsomedurationhavingfrequencycomponentsintheneighborhoodofthemountingplatform’slowestfrequencies,andconcludedbyafinalshockaccordingtothecatapulteventsequence.Forarrestedlanding,materielmayexperienceaninitialshockfollowedbyalowleveltransientvibrationofsomedurationhavingfrequencycomponentsintheneighborhoodofthemountingplatform’slowestfrequencies.

purplesapple

谢谢各位的指点！

puppyxj

如果客户没有要求，你想提高自己产品的可靠性，可以找到标准，然后做的更严酷一些。做与不做就看自己对产品品质的要求高不高了。

xiangxuesong

测试物检测方法:一.将测试物放在手上,以最快速度上下移动.震动测试完毕.
二.将测试物放在手上,人从2米高地方跳下,手姿势保持不变,冲击实验完毕.
三.将测试物放在手上,以最快速度撞击墙壁,碰撞测试完毕.

结果:
个人:因纯天然绿色测试,无需资金和损耗,被公司嘉奖.
公司:因产品屡次通过天然测试,而大量生产,被大量退货.倒闭!

beacherdon

呵呵，个人:因纯天然绿色测试,无需资金和损耗,被公司嘉奖.
公司:因产品屡次通过天然测试,而大量生产,被大量退货.倒闭!

肥猫Bobby

哈哈哈哈