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发表于 2007-6-2 16:14:48
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AcceleratedTestingDefinitionsandAcronyms
AAT-AcceleratedAgingTest
AAT-ArtificialAgingTest
ALT-AcceleratedLifeTest
ANOVA-Analysisofvariance.e.g.variationoftheMTBFfromthechisquarerange
ART-AcceleratedReliabilityTest
ASD-AccelerationSpectralDensity(sameasPSD)
AST-AcceleratedStressTesting
ATE-AutomaticTestEquipment
ATS-AutomaticTestSystem
BIST-Builtinselftest
BGA-BallGridArray(typeofSMDcomponent)BTAAF-BuildTestAnalyzeandFix
CCA-CircuitCardAssembly
CDIP-Ceramicdual-in-linecomponentpackage
CE-ChangeEffect
CFF-CostofFieldFailure-N*F(tfc)*[Creplacement+Crepair+Cother],N=Noofproductsbuiltwithlatentdefects.tfc=timetodiscoverandcorrectprobleminfield,Crepl=costtoreplace(hardware),Crep=costtorepair(labor),Cother=othercosts
COB-Card-on-Board.MultipleCircuitcardsattachedtolargerpanelatrightanglestothemultiplecards
COB-Card-on-Board.ChipcomponentcementeddirectlyonCCAsurface
COH-Coherence.SeeCoherencedefinition
COTS-CommercialOfftheShelf(components)
CTE-Coefficientofthermalexpansion.CTEmismatchcausestwoormorematerialstogrowatdifferentrateswhichcancauseshortsoropen
Cycle-Periodicoscillationwhereavaluerepeatsitselfattheendofthecycle
dB-Decibel.dB=10Log(A/Aref)whereA=power,watts;Aref=referencelevelpower,watts.dB(A)-Decibel."A"weightedfornoise.dB(A)istheoverallnumericvalueofthenoisefortheentirefrequencyspectrummeasuredbyaninstrument.Noiselevelinstrumentshave"A"weightingtocorrespondtothenaturalhearinglevelofhumans.Non"A"weighteddBisthedBlevelatspecificfrequencies.OSHAlimitfornoisebeforeactionmustbetakentocorrectis80dB(A)
DIP-DualIn-Linepackage(Amicro-electronicsemiconductorpackagewithleadson2sides)
DLT-DestructiveLevelTest
DMT-DesignMarginTest
DoD-DepartmentofDefense
DOT-DesignofTest
DoF-DegreeofFreedom.Numberofaxesdriveninthetest.e.g.1DoF=oneaxisoftest
DoT-DesignofTest
DPA-DestructivePhysicalAnalysis
DEST-DesignEnvironmentalStressTest
EMI-ElectroMagneticInterference(RadiofreqinterferencetotheUUTcausedbysomeoutsidesource)
EOL-EndofLife.Theendoftheusefuloperatinglifeofthepart(wearout)
EOS-ElectricalOverStress
ESS-EnvironmentalStressScreening
EST-EnvironmentalStressTest
EVOP-EvolutionaryOperations.Productevolutionphasewheretheproductisimprovedbydesignchanges.
FEA-FiniteElementAnalysis
FAT-FunctionalAcceleratedtest(FunctionaltestingperformedduringHALTandHASSTesting
FAST-FlexibleAcceleratedStressTest
FFOP-FailureFreeOperatingPeriod
FFP-FailFreePeriod(timethatasystemshouldbetestedwithoutfailures-afterrepairsandfixes)
FFT-FastFourierTransform.Analysiswhichconvertstimedomaindataintofrequencydomaindata
FR-4-AmaterialdesignationfromtheElectronicIndustriesAssociationforafireretardantepoxyresin-fiberglassclothlaminate.UsuallyfoundinCCA's
FRACAS-FailureReportingandCorrectiveActionSystem
Grms-G's(RootSumSquared).SameunitasG'sexceptitisamathematicalRMSofaGrouporsetofG'swherethenumberofbandwidthsistakenintoaccount
Grss-G's(RootSumSquared).SameunitasG'sexceptitisamathematicalRMSofaGrouporsetofG'swherethenumberofbandwidthsisnottakenintoaccount
Gpeak-TheG;swherethevibrationspectrumexhibitsamaximainthespectrumcurve
Geff-G's(EffectiveG's_TheeffectiveGequivalentofavibrationspectrumcurvei.e.AstraightlineGequivalenttoaspectrumcurve
G-10-LiketheFR-4material.AnotherbrandofCCAmaterialexcepthighgrade
G-11-LiketheFR-4material.AnotherbrandofCCAmaterialexcepthighgrade
HALT-HighlyAcceleratedLifeTesting
HASA-HighlyAcceleratedStressAudit
HASS-HighlyAcceleratedStressScreening
HAST-HighlyAcceleratedStressTest
IC-IntegratedCircuit
LLC-LeadlessChipCarrier(nearlyobsoletemicrocircuitcomponent)
LL-LowerLimit(oftemperatureorvibration)
LM-LifeMargin=DL-MLD(DL=DesignLife)
LN2-LiquidNitrogen
LOTL-LowerOperatingTemperatureLimit
MCM-MultipleComponentModule(sealedcancontainingmultiplemicrocircuits)
MLD-MinimumLifeDesired
MOTS-MilitaryOfftheShelf(components)
MTBF-MeanTimeBetweenFailures
NA-NotApplicable
NDE-NonDestructiveEvaluation
NDT-NonDestructiveTest
NFF-NoFaultFound(apartorsystemislabeledNFFwhenadiagnostictestcannotrevealcauseoffailure)
NTF-NoTroubleFound(sameasNFF)
PASS-ProductionAcceleratedStressScreen
PCB-PrintedCircuitBoard
PCBA-PrintedCircuitBoardAssembly
PDIP-PlasticpackageframeDualInLinePackage
PEM-PlasticEnclosedModule(componentmicrocircuitpackage)
PTH-PlatedThroughHoles.TheholesfoundinCCA'swhichareusedtoattachcomponentleadswithsolder
PoF-PhysicsofFailure.Scienceofdeterminationoftherootcauseofdefectsandfailuremechanisms
POS-ProofofScreen.IftheHASStestis15minutes,thenthePOSshouldbe20x15=300minutestoensurethattheHASStestwillnotuseupmorethan5%ofthelifeoftheproduct.ThePOSisperformedduringHALTtestingonagivennumberofunitsandisnotperformedonallunits.POSisnotperformedduringHASSproductiontesting
PSD-PowerSpectralDensity(G2/Hz)-AmeasureofamplitudeofrandomvibrationenergyPSR-PowerStressRatio.TherecommendedamountofpowertouseinacomponentcomparedtothemaximumamountforagiventemperaturePVT-ProductionValidationTest
PWBA-PrintedWiringBoardAssembly
Q-Magnificationofvibratorymotion(displacementoracceleration).Q~1/2z
Q-HeatDissipation,Watts
RCA-RootCauseAnalysis
RGT-ReliabilityGrowthTest
RH-RelativeHumidity(0-100%)
RR-RampRate(thermal)
RS-RepetitiveShock.Referstoapneumaticvibrationshakersystemwithhammerpistonvibrators
ROI-ReturnonInvestment
ROTS-RuggedizedOfftheShelf(components)
RTD-ResistanceTemperatureDetector(typeofthermocoupleexceptmeasurestempbymeasuringresistancechange
RVSS-RandomVibrationStressScreen
SIMM-SingleInlineMemoryModule
SIP-Single-InlinePackage
SMART-StressMarginAcceleratedReliabilityTest
SMD-SurfaceMountDevice(Leadlesselectroniccomponent)
STRIFE-Stress+Life
TAAF-TestAnalyzeandFix.BTAAF(BuildTestAnalyzeandFix)
TCSS-TemperatureCycleStressScreen
TOM-TemperatureOperatingMargin.Temperaturedifferencebetweentheproductspecandthetemperatureoperatinglimit.
TP-TestPlan
TR-Transmissibility.Theamplificationorattenuationofvibratoryforceofasystemsubjectedtoavibrationstimulus.TRdependsonthetractionoftheforcingFrequency(Fn)totheNaturalFrequencyofthesystemundertesti.e.F/Fn.ThemaximumTR=QatF/Fn=1.0TR>1forasystemwithaF/Fn<1.41.TR<1forasystemwithaF/Fn>1.41(ThereisadefinedTRcurve)
TR-TestReport
TSR-TemperatureStressRatio.TSR=Top/Tjunction.Therecommendedtemperatureratiotouseinacomponentcomparedtothemaximumratedtemperature
TTFF-TimetoFirstFailure(notthesameasMTBF)
UL-UpperLimit(oftemperatureorvibration)
UOTL-UpperOperatingTemperatureLimit
UUT-UnitUnderTest(Partsubjectedtotest)
VOL-VibrationOperatingLimit
VOM-VibrationOperatingMargin.DifferenceinG'sbetweentheproductspeclimitandthevibrationoperatinglimit.
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AbsoluteTemp-AbsoluteTemperature,K(degreesKelvin=°C+273i.e.AT=100°C+273=373°K
................AbsoluteTemperature,R(degreesRankine)=°F+460i.e.AT=100°F+460=560°R
ActivationEnergy-Thevibrationortemperatureenergylevelthatprecipitatesaspecificdefect
Acceleration-Vectorquantitythatspecifiesthetimerateofchangeofvelocity.
AcceleratedStressTesting-Atestmeanttoquicklysurfacedefectfailurewhichbyothermeanswouldtakemuchlonger
Accelerometer-Adevicewhichisusedtomeasureacceleration.Controlaccelerometerscontrolthevibrationtableaccelerationandtheresponseaccelerometermonitorstheresponse
Amplitude-Themaximumvalueorpeakvalue(referringtotheYaxisofacurve)
Analog-Beingorrelatedtoamechanisminwhichthedataisrepresentbycontinuousphysicalmeasurablequantitiesi.e.voltage,current,power
Anisotropic-Exhibitingdifferentpropertieswhenexcitedindifferentdirections
Antiresonance-Aminimumpointinresponsecurve.Anychangeininputfrequencywillcauseanincreaseinresponse
ArrheniusModel-Anexponentialequationwhichrelatedthereactionactivity(orresponseactivity)tothetemperatureofthepart
AxialLead-Acomponentwithwiresextendingoutfromeithersideoftheaxisofthebodyofthecomp
BandPassFilter-Asystemordevicewhichcutsoffeitherlowfrequencies(highpass)orhighfrequencies(lowpass)
BathtubCurve-Acommonreliabilitycurveshowingfailureratevs.timeThebathtubcurveiscommonlyknowasthecurvegeneratedby3phasesoflie:Theinfantmortalityphase,theusefullifephaseandthewearoutphase.These3phasegeneratedadefectversustimecurvethatlookslikeasideviewofabathtub.
Beats-Beatfrequency(f1-f2).Periodicfrequencyresultingfromthedifferenceoftwofrequencies
Burn-In-ArtificialAgingTest.Atime-temperaturetestbywhichanelectronicsystemissubjectedtoaspecifichightemperatureandoperatedinitsnormaloperatingmodeforaspecifictime,usually100Hrs.ThetestisthepredecessortoESSandisbeingslowlyreplacedinmanycasesbyESS/HALT
ChangeEffect-Thechangeinbehaviorofaproductwhenthevibrationortemperaturelevelischanged.
Chip-AnindividualsemiconductorelementthathasthecircuitryandisattachedinaDIPorothersemiconductorpackage.Theentirepackagewiththechipissometimecallthe"chip"
Coherence(COH)-Mathematicalanalysiswhichshowsiftheresponsevibrationistheresultofthetablevibrationorifitisindependentofthetablevibration(0=nodependence,1=dependence,inbetweenistheprobabilityvalueofbeingdependent)
Condensation-Watercondensation.Temperatureofcondensation=Thetemperatureatwhichthewaterintheaircondenses.Thewaterinairwillcondenseonacoldsurfaceifthetemperatureofthecoldsurfaceisatorbelowthecondensationoftheair
CreepTermusuallyappliedtoasolderjointwhichfailsatalowstressifthesolderjointisstressedforalongtimeatthelowstressi.e.,Asolderjointwhichissubjectedtointermediatetemperaturesbutforlongdwelltimesmayfailduetocreep(extendedstrain)inthejoint.
CrestFactorThemeasureofqualityofavibrationspectrum.ItisthedistancefromthemeantothepeakorvalleyofthespectrummeasuredinDb.Acrestfactorof+3DbishighqualitywhereasaDbof+6orgreaterislowquality.Inputspectrumswith+25Dbaresaidtohavehighpeakoverrandomorsineoverrandomeffects.Thiscouldbedeleterioustotheproduct.
DampingTheresistanceofamaterialtorespondtoavibrationstimulus.
DesignLimitThelevelofproductstrengthwheretheproductisdestroyed(usuallywheremostcomponentsfail)duetohighstress.Theproductwillnotoperateagainevenifthestressisreduced.
DesignMarginThedifferencebetweenthespecificationlimitandthedesignlimitofstress(vibrationortemperature).
DeltaTHighestTemperatureminusthelowesttemperature,(Th-Tl)
DelaminationSeparationofthechipfromthesubstrateorblisteringoftheCCAduetoovertemperature
DestructLevelThelevelofvibrationortemperatureatwhichtheproductisdestroyedandwillnotoperateagainevenifthestresslevelisreduced.
DeterministicReliabilityReliabilityanalysismethodsbasedondesignfeatureswhichcausefailure.Doesnotconsiderstatisticaldatatoanalyzereliability.
DiscretesSmallstandardelectricalcomponentsinasystemi.e.,resistors,capacitors,diodes,etc. |
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